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Vim

The best $EDITOR.

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YT: Mastering the Vim Language
#todo Practical Vim by Drew Neil

Vim cheatsheet

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Map Caps Lock to ESC for easier switching to Normal mode.

Language

Modes:

Normal: default (enter with Esc)
Insert: edit text (enter with i, a, etc.)
Visual: select characters (enter with v)
Visual (lines): select lines (enter with V)
Visual (block): select blocks (enter with Ctrl+v)
Command: run builtin/external commands (enter with :)

Editing:

A motion moves the cursor (e.g. w moves to the next word).
An operator changes the text (e.g. d deletes the text).
Motions and operators combined together operate on the text that was moved over (e.g. dw deletes to the next word).
A number before a motion/operator repeats it that many times (e.g. 3dw deletes the next 3 words).
An operator repeated twice operates on the current line (e.g. dd deletes the current line).
An uppercase operator operates on the rest of the current line (e.g. D deletes the rest of the line).
An uppercase motion includes non-alphanumeric characters such as punctuation and brackets.
Some operators operate immediately (e.g. x), others require a motion (e.g. d).
A text object represents a text token (e.g. word, sentence, paragraph).
An operator can operate (i)nside or (a)round a text object (e.g. diw deletes only the current word, daw deletes also the surrounding whitespace).
A buffer is some text in memory. A window is a viewport on a buffer. A tab is a set of windows.

Motions:

hjkl: left/down/up/right
w: to the start of the next word
e: to the end of the next word
b: to the start of the previous word
ge: to the end of the previous word
f<c>: to the next c character
t<c>: to the character before the next c character
;/,: repeat the previous f/t jump forward/backward
0: to the start of the line
$: to the end of the line
^/_: to the first non-blank character of the line
%: to the matching bracket
gg: to the first line
G: to the last line
<n>gg: to the nth line
(/): to the previous/next sentence
{/}: to the previous/next paragraph
Ctrl+o/i: to the previous/next position
Ctrl+b/f: page up/down
Ctrl+u/d: half page up/down
(Visual) o: to the other end of the selection

Operators:

i: insert before the cursor
a: insert after the cursor
I: insert at the start of the line
A: insert at the end of the line
o/O: insert below/above the line
y: yank the text
c: change the text
d: delete the text
p: put the previously yanked/changed/deleted text
x: delete the character
s: delete the character and insert
r<c>: replace the character with c
J: join two lines
~: switch case of the character
g~: switch case
gu/gU: to lower/upper case
gv: repeat the last selection
>/</=: indent/unindent/autoindent
u: undo the last change
Ctrl+r: redo the last change
.: repeat the last change

Text objects:

w: word
s: sentence
p: paragraph
t: tag
b: synonym for (/)
B: synonym for {/}
any bracket
any quote

Tricks:

ea: append to the word
xp: swap two characters
ddp: swap two lines
gg=G: autoindent the whole buffer

Search:

//?: search forward/backward
*/#: search the current word forward/backward
n/N: to the next/previous result

Replace:

:s/old/new: replace in the current line
:%s/old/new: replace in the whole buffer
:'<,'>s/old/new: replace in the selection
Modifiers: g (all), c (confirm)

Commands:

:q[uit]: quit Vim
:w[rite]: write changes
:e[dit]!: discard changes
:e[dit] <file>: edit file
:!<cmd>: run an external command
Ctrl+z: suspend Vim (resume with fg)

Registers:

": unnamed register (default)
<a-z>: named registers
<A-Z>: named registers (append)
<1-9>: delete queue
0: the last yank
/: the last search
:: the last command
+: system clipboard
_: black hole register

Macros:

q<a-z>: record a macro (q to stop recording)
@<a-z>: play a recorded macro
@@: replay the last macro

Neovim

https://neovim.io

A community-driven fork of Vim.

Features:

Configurable with Lua
Builtin support for LSP and Treesitter

Setup:

Vim mode